Chii chinonzi kusvibiswa kwemvura?
Kusvibiswa kwemvura kunoreva huwandu husina kujairikayezvikamu zvishanu zvikuru zvezviratidzo mumvura inobva—hunhu hwepfungwa, zvinosvibisa zvinhu zvisina makemikari, zvinosvibisa zvinhu zvipenyu, tupukanana, uye radioactivity—izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzirwa kwemvura uye kudzora hunhu hwemvura kusvika padanho rakasiyana, zvichikonzera njodzi kuchengetedzeka kwemvura yekunwa uye hutano hwevanhu.
Kusvibiswa kwemvura kunoitika kana mabasa evanhu achichinja hunhu hwechisikigo uye maumbirwo emvura, zvichikanganisa kushandiswa kwayo kana kuisa hutano hwevanhu panjodzi. Inogona kuiswa mumapoka mana:
1. Kusvibiswa kwemuviri: Kuora kwekunhuhwirira, kuravira, chitarisiko, uye kujeka kwechinhu mushure mekunge zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvapinda mumvura.
2. Kusvibiswa kwemuviri: Zvinosvibisa zvinoshandura hunhu hwemvura, zvakaita sekupisa, zvinhu zvine mwaranzi, mafuta, uye furo.
3. Kusvibiswa kwemakemikari: Zvinosvibisa zvinoshandura hunhu hwemakemikari emvura, kusanganisira acids, alkalis, munyu, zvinhu zvine chepfu, nemishonga yezvipembenene.
4. Kusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu: Kuiswa kwetupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere mumvura, tunogona kuparadzira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga.
Kusvibiswa kwemvura kunokonzera kukuvara kupi?
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, mvura ine mwero wakati weokisijeni yakanyungudika, iyo inokosha kuhupenyu hwemumvura uye inoita basa guru mukuderedza oxidation-reduction reactions iyo inokurudzira kushandurwa nekuora kwezvinosvibisa—zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mukugona kwekuzvichenesa kwechisikigo kwenzvimbo dzemvura.
Kuburitswa kwetsvina yemumba ine nitrogen yakawanda, phosphorus, uye potassium, pamwe chete nekuora kwezvinhu zvipenyu, kunoburitsa zvinovaka muviri zvinoita kuti maruva emugungwa abude uye kukura zvakanyanya kwezvirimwa. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kusafamba zvakanaka kwemvura, kudzikira kwakanyanya kweokisijeni yakanyungudika, uye kunyange kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzisina okisijeni. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvirimwa zvemumvura zvinofa zvakawanda, mvura inoshanduka kuita dema, inoburitsa hwema hwakaipa, uye inoshanduka kuita "madziva akafa," "nzizi dzakafa," kana "makungwa akafa," pakupedzisira anova madhamu. Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa se eutrophication. Mvura ye eutrophic inozivikanwa nekunhuhwirira kwakasimba, ruvara rwakadzama, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemabhakitiriya - zvichiita kuti isakodzere kushandiswa zvakananga uye kazhinji zvichikonzera kufa kwehove dzakawanda.
Kukuvara kwemvurakusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kuonekwa munzvimbo nhatu dzakakosha:
1.Kukuvadza nharaunda: Zvinoita kuti marudzi emhuka aderedzwe kana kutsakatika, zvinoderedza kukosha kwezviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvenharaunda, uye zvinokanganisa kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
2.Kukuvadza kugadzirwa: Mvura yakasvibiswa isingasvike pazvinodiwa zvemaindasitiri kana zvekurima inogona kukonzera kudzikira kwegoho uye kurasikirwa nehupfumi.
3.Kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu: Kunwa mvura yakasvibiswa kunogona kukonzera chepfu isingaperi kana kuti inouraya, kenza, zvirwere zvinotapukira, nezvimwe zvinetso zvehutano. Kunze kwekurwara kwemuviri, migumisiro isingafadzi yemvura yakasvibiswa inogonawo kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva uye hutano hwepfungwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-01-2026